Tennis star Carlos Alcaraz was captured swigging pickle juice during his Australian Open semi-final match against Alexander Zverev – but why?

The Spaniard received treatment for cramp during a medical timeout, but his condition seemed to improve in the fourth set after a taste of the liquid.

For many athletes, pickle juice has become a staple.

Alcaraz and Jannik Sinner were both seen sipping at what was thought to be pickle juice during the 2025 French Open final.

But seeing athletes reaching for the salty remedy isn’t anything new.

Former Arsenal midfielder Lucas Torreira was pictured drinking it back in 2019, and it also became part of the England team’s strategy to combat cramp in players at Euro 2024.

Pickle juice is normally consumed by athletes who are involved in sports with long durations, or anything that involves intermittent or repeated muscle contractions.

How does pickle juice help athletes?

Pickle juice is used by athletes as a means of easing muscle cramps.

The acidic liquid is a concentrated source of electrolytes, containing sodium and potassium. It has been found to stop cramping 40% faster than drinking water.

The liquid disrupts ‘neural signalling’ – triggering a reflex in the mouth which sends a signal to stop muscles from cramping.

This can happen almost instantaneously – relieving cramping quickly.

How should athletes use pickle juice?

Mayur Ranchordas, professor of sports nutrition and exercise at Sheffield Hallam University, believes there is still a misconception that pickle juice can be used to prevent muscle cramps.

There is no evidence to suggest that drinking the juice before a sports event would have any benefit.

Instead, athletes should be taking it at the onset of cramp – but not drink it.

“Rather than drinking it, you need to rinse it in your mouth for 20 to 30 seconds. That’s when the vinegar and salt start to act, then you can spit it out”, Ranchordas told BBC Sport.

The mistake that some athletes make is to rinse their mouth out with water, to get rid of the taste.

Removing that sensation – of taking pickle juice and wanting to scrunch up your mouth in response – stops the mechanisms firing which ease the cramp.

Ranchordas, who has also worked in nutrition at football clubs including Aston Villa, said adding chilli to the jar of pickles can make it even more effective.

“The more horrible the taste, the more effective it is,” he said.

What’s wrong with a sports drink?

The more palatable option – for non-pickle-lovers out there – might be a sweet sports drink.

But the unique offering of pickle juice is that it can disrupt the message sent to the brain that a muscle is cramping.

This is a much faster method of easing cramping than having an electrolyte, which you have to digest and absorb.

But Emma Tester, a performance nutritionist currently working at the UK Sports Institute, told BBC Sport that more research is needed to understand the added benefits of pickle juice.

“There is not a huge amount [of research] out there definitely saying ‘yes, it’s really going to work’. It is down to the individual, whether they feel it is beneficial.”

Could you just eat lots of pickles, then?

Not quite. Pickle juice is thought to be effective because of the concentration of electrolytes, combined with the fluid.

Eating lots of pickles might not be very comfortable on the stomach either, nor very practical. It might not be easy to munch some pickles on the sidelines of a football pitch, or on court between games of a tennis match.

Are there any risks?

Pickle juice might not sit well with everyone, potentially causing digestive issues because it is so concentrated and salty.

Dr Tester says she has seen athletes “puke on the side of the pitch” after taking pickle juice, which can hinder performance rather than help it.

“Everything needs to be practised. Just like performance is practised, nutrition performance should also be practised,” she said.

This article is the latest from BBC Sport’s Ask Me Anything team.

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